Magnetic Field Strength Converter
Convert magnetic field strength units — A/m, oersteds, kA/m, and more. Accurate online H-field converter for electromagnetics, motor design, and magnetic material characterization.
Understanding Magnetic Field Strength
Magnetic field strength measures the magnetizing force produced by electric currents. You express it in amperes per meter (A/m). This quantity represents the H-field in electromagnetic theory.
Field strength differs from flux density. H-field depends only on currents. B-field (flux density) includes material effects. They relate through permeability: B = μH.
Magnetic Field Strength Formulas
H = N × I / l
Solenoid field: Field strength equals turns times current divided by magnetic path length.
H = I / (2 × π × r)
Straight conductor: Field at distance r from wire equals current divided by 2πr.
B = μ₀ × μᵣ × H
Material relationship: Flux density equals permeability of free space times relative permeability times field strength.
Example: A coil with 500 turns, 2 amperes current, and 0.5 m magnetic path produces H = 500 × 2 / 0.5 = 2,000 A/m.
Common Magnetic Field Strength Conversions
| A/m | kA/m | Oersteds (Oe) |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 0.001 | 0.01257 |
| 10 | 0.01 | 0.1257 |
| 79.58 | 0.07958 | 1 |
| 100 | 0.1 | 1.257 |
| 1,000 | 1 | 12.57 |
| 10,000 | 10 | 125.7 |
Magnetic Material Properties
| Material | Relative Permeability (μᵣ) | Saturation Flux Density (T) |
|---|---|---|
| Air/Vacuum | 1 | - |
| Silicon Steel | 4,000 | 1.8-2.0 |
| Ferrite | 1,000-15,000 | 0.3-0.5 |
| Permalloy | 100,000 | 0.8-1.0 |
| Neodymium Magnet | 1.05 | 1.0-1.4 |
Practical Applications
Electromagnet Design
Field strength determines lifting force. Industrial lifting magnets operate at 10-50 kA/m. Core material saturation limits maximum achievable flux density.
Magnetic Circuit Analysis
Hopkinson's law relates MMF, reluctance, and flux. MMF equals H times path length. Reluctance calculations use field strength and material properties.
Transformer Core Design
Core magnetizing current creates H-field. Operating below saturation ensures linear behavior. Grain-oriented steel reduces required field strength.
Magnetic Recording
Write heads generate H-fields to magnetize media. Coercivity specifies required field strength. Modern media require 50-200 kA/m for writing.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the difference between H-field and B-field?
H-field (A/m) represents magnetizing force from currents. B-field (T) represents actual magnetic flux including material effects. They relate through B = μH.
What is an oersted?
Oersted is the CGS unit of magnetic field strength. One oersted equals 79.58 A/m. The unit honors physicist Hans Christian Ørsted who discovered electromagnetism.
How do you calculate field strength in a solenoid?
Use H = NI/l where N is turns, I is current, and l is magnetic path length. For a long solenoid, this gives uniform field inside the coil.
What is magnetic saturation?
Saturation occurs when increasing H-field no longer increases B-field proportionally. All magnetic domains align. Further H increase produces only air-core response.
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