TFT

Pressure Converter

Convert pressure units including pascals, bar, PSI, atmospheres, torr, and more. Free online pressure converter for engineering, science, and industrial applications.

Understanding Pressure

Pressure measures force applied per unit area. You experience pressure constantly — atmospheric pressure pushes on your body, blood pressure circulates oxygen, tire pressure supports your vehicle. Pressure equals force divided by area.

The pascal (Pa) serves as the SI unit for pressure, named after Blaise Pascal. One pascal equals one newton per square meter. Other common units include bar (meteorology), PSI (imperial systems), and atmospheres (scientific work).

Pressure Formulas

Core Pressure Equations

Basic Pressure Formula

P = F / A

Pressure equals force divided by area

Example: 100 N / 2 m² = 50 Pa

Hydrostatic Pressure

P = ρ × g × h

Density × gravity × height of fluid

Example: Water at 10m depth = 98,100 Pa

Ideal Gas Law

P × V = n × R × T

Pressure × volume = moles × constant × temperature

Used for gas calculations

Atmospheric Pressure Variation

P = P₀ × e^(-h/H)

Pressure decreases exponentially with altitude

P₀ = sea level pressure, H ≈ 8,000 m

Pressure Conversion Formulas

Core Conversion Equations

Bar to PSI

psi = bar × 14.5038

Example: 2 bar × 14.5038 = 29.01 psi

PSI to Bar

bar = psi × 0.0689476

Example: 32 psi × 0.0689476 = 2.21 bar

Atmospheres to PSI

psi = atm × 14.6959

Example: 1 atm × 14.6959 = 14.70 psi

PSI to Atmospheres

atm = psi × 0.068046

Example: 14.7 psi × 0.068046 = 1 atm

Torr to Pascal

Pa = Torr × 133.322

Example: 760 Torr × 133.322 = 101,325 Pa

kPa to PSI

psi = kPa × 0.145038

Example: 200 kPa × 0.145038 = 29.01 psi

Common Pressure Conversions

PascalsBarPSIAtmospheres
1,000 Pa0.01 bar0.145 psi0.00987 atm
101,325 Pa1.01325 bar14.696 psi1 atm
100,000 Pa1 bar14.504 psi0.987 atm
6,895 Pa0.0689 bar1 psi0.068 atm
133.3 Pa0.00133 bar0.0193 psi0.00132 atm
1 MPa10 bar145.04 psi9.87 atm

Pressure Unit Reference Table

UnitSymbolEquals 1 Unit In PaSystem/Field
PascalPa1 PaSI (scientific)
KilopascalkPa1,000 PaSI (engineering)
MegapascalMPa1,000,000 PaSI (materials)
Barbar100,000 PaMetric (meteorology)
PSIpsi6,894.76 PaImperial (industrial)
Atmosphereatm101,325 PaScientific standard
TorrTorr133.322 PaVacuum, laboratory
mmHgmmHg133.322 PaMedical (blood pressure)

Real-World Pressure Reference

ConditionPascalsBarPSI
Perfect vacuum0 Pa0 bar0 psi
Atmospheric pressure (sea level)101,325 Pa1.013 bar14.696 psi
Car tire (typical)206,843 Pa2.07 bar30 psi
Scuba tank20,684,271 Pa206.8 bar3,000 psi
Hydraulic system20,684,271 Pa206.8 bar3,000 psi
Deep ocean (Mariana Trench)108,600,000 Pa1,086 bar15,750 psi

Pressure Units by Application

UnitPrimary Applications
Pascal (Pa)Scientific research, meteorology, engineering calculations
BarWeather reports (Europe), diving, industrial processes
PSITire pressure, hydraulic systems, US industrial equipment
Atmosphere (atm)Chemistry, physics, scuba diving, vacuum systems
Torr/mmHgBlood pressure, vacuum measurements, laboratory work
kPaWeather reports, tire pressure (metric countries), engineering

When to Use Each Pressure Unit

Pascal (Pa) / kPa / MPa

Scientific Research

Physics, chemistry, materials science calculations

Engineering

Structural analysis, fluid dynamics (global)

Meteorology

Weather reports (kPa in many countries)

Bar / Millibar

Weather Reports

Atmospheric pressure (Europe, meteorology)

Diving

Tank pressure, depth calculations

Industrial

Process control, pneumatic systems

PSI

Automotive

Tire pressure, oil pressure (US/UK)

Hydraulics

System pressure, pump ratings

Industrial Equipment

Compressors, pressure vessels (US)

mmHg / Torr

Medical

Blood pressure measurements worldwide

Vacuum Systems

Laboratory vacuum measurements

Meteorology

Barometric pressure (traditional)

Frequently Asked Questions

What is standard atmospheric pressure?

Standard atmospheric pressure equals 101,325 Pa (101.325 kPa, 1.01325 bar, 14.696 psi, 760 mmHg). This represents average sea-level pressure. Actual pressure varies with weather and altitude.

What PSI should car tires be?

Most cars require 30-35 PSI (2.0-2.4 bar, 207-241 kPa). Check your vehicle's door jamb or owner's manual for the exact specification. Never use the maximum pressure listed on the tire sidewall.

What is the difference between gauge and absolute pressure?

Gauge pressure measures relative to atmospheric pressure (reads 0 at atmosphere). Absolute pressure measures from perfect vacuum. Absolute = Gauge + Atmospheric. Tire gauges show gauge pressure.

Why do doctors use mmHg for blood pressure?

Blood pressure was originally measured with mercury columns. One mmHg equals the pressure from 1 millimeter of mercury. Despite digital monitors, mmHg remains the medical standard worldwide.

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