Torque Converter
Convert torque units instantly — newton-meters, pound-feet, kilogram-force centimeters, and more. Accurate online torque converter for automotive, mechanical, and industrial engineering.
Understanding Torque
Torque measures the rotational force that causes angular acceleration. You express torque in newton-meters (N·m) or pound-feet (lbf·ft). Torque equals force multiplied by the perpendicular distance from the rotation axis.
Torque is a vector quantity with direction along the rotation axis. Right-hand rule determines direction: curl fingers from force toward axis, thumb points along torque vector.
Torque Formulas
τ = F × r × sin(θ)
Definition: Torque equals force times lever arm times sine of angle between them. Maximum torque occurs at 90 degrees.
τ = I × α
Rotational dynamics: Torque equals moment of inertia times angular acceleration. Rotational equivalent of F = m × a.
P = τ × ω
Power relationship: Power equals torque times angular velocity. Use rad/s for angular velocity.
Example: Applying 100 N force at end of 0.5 m wrench produces τ = 100 × 0.5 = 50 N·m torque.
Common Torque Conversions
| N·m | lbf·ft | lbf·in | kgf·m | kgf·cm |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0.01356 | 0.01 | 0.12 | 0.00138 | 0.138 |
| 0.113 | 0.0833 | 1 | 0.0115 | 1.15 |
| 1 | 0.738 | 8.85 | 0.102 | 10.2 |
| 1.356 | 1 | 12 | 0.138 | 13.8 |
| 9.807 | 7.23 | 86.8 | 1 | 100 |
Automotive Torque Specifications
| Application | Torque (N·m) | Torque (lbf·ft) |
|---|---|---|
| Spark Plugs | 20-30 | 15-22 |
| Wheel Lug Nuts | 80-150 | 60-110 |
| Cylinder Head Bolts | 60-120 | 45-90 |
| Small Car Engine | 100-200 | 75-150 |
| V8 Engine | 400-600 | 300-450 |
| Heavy Duty Truck | 2,000-3,000 | 1,500-2,200 |
Practical Applications
Engine Performance
Engine torque determines acceleration capability. Peak torque occurs at mid-RPM range. Electric motors produce maximum torque from zero RPM.
Fastener Tightening
Torque wrenches ensure proper bolt tension. Under-tightening causes loosening. Over-tightening stretches or breaks fasteners. Follow manufacturer specifications.
Industrial Machinery
Gearboxes multiply torque while reducing speed. Conveyor systems require high starting torque. Servo motors provide precise torque control.
Power Tools
Impact wrenches deliver high torque pulses. Drill torque settings prevent over-tightening. Cordless tools specify torque in inch-pounds or N·m.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the difference between torque and horsepower?
Torque measures rotational force. Horsepower measures work rate. Horsepower equals torque times RPM divided by constant. High torque at low RPM provides strong acceleration.
How do you convert N·m to lbf·ft?
Multiply N·m by 0.7376 to get lbf·ft. One N·m equals 0.7376 lbf·ft. Conversely, multiply lbf·ft by 1.356 to get N·m.
Why use a torque wrench?
Torque wrenches apply precise tightening force. Critical fasteners require specific torque for proper clamping. Prevents damage from over-tightening and failure from under-tightening.
What is breakaway torque?
Breakaway torque is the torque needed to start rotation from rest. It exceeds running torque due to static friction. Important for motor sizing and clutch design.
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