Electric Charge Converter
Convert electric charge units — coulombs, millicoulombs, microcoulombs, ampere-hours, and more. Free online electric charge converter for electronics, electrochemistry, and physics.
Understanding Electric Charge
Electric charge represents a fundamental property of matter. You measure charge in coulombs (C), where one coulomb equals the charge transported by a constant current of one ampere flowing for one second.
The elementary charge of a single electron equals approximately 1.602 × 10⁻¹⁹ coulombs. Protons carry an equal but positive charge. All observable electric charge occurs as integer multiples of this elementary charge.
Electric Charge Formulas
Q = I × t
Where Q equals charge in coulombs, I equals current in amperes, and t equals time in seconds.
Q = C × V
Where Q equals charge stored in a capacitor, C equals capacitance in farads, and V equals voltage across the capacitor.
Example: A 100 microfarad capacitor charged to 12 volts stores Q = 100 × 10⁻⁶ F × 12 V = 0.0012 coulombs or 1.2 millicoulombs.
Common Electric Charge Conversions
| Coulombs (C) | Millicoulombs (mC) | Microcoulombs (μC) | Ampere-hours (Ah) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 0.001 | 1 | 1,000 | 2.78 × 10⁻⁷ |
| 0.01 | 10 | 10,000 | 2.78 × 10⁻⁶ |
| 0.1 | 100 | 100,000 | 2.78 × 10⁻⁵ |
| 1 | 1,000 | 1,000,000 | 2.78 × 10⁻⁴ |
| 3,600 | 3,600,000 | 3.6 × 10⁹ | 1 |
Practical Applications
Battery Capacity
Battery manufacturers specify capacity in ampere-hours or milliampere-hours. A 3000 mAh smartphone battery stores 3 Ah × 3600 s/h = 10,800 coulombs of charge.
Capacitor Energy Storage
Supercapacitors store charge for backup power systems. A 1 farad capacitor at 5 volts holds 5 coulombs, providing brief power during outages.
Electroplating
Electroplating processes depend on precise charge delivery. Depositing 1 gram of copper requires approximately 3,030 coulombs based on Faraday's laws of electrolysis.
Frequently Asked Questions
How do you convert ampere-hours to coulombs?
Multiply ampere-hours by 3,600. One ampere-hour equals 3,600 coulombs because 1 hour contains 3,600 seconds.
What is the difference between charge and current?
Charge measures the total quantity of electricity in coulombs. Current measures the flow rate of charge in amperes (coulombs per second).
Why do capacitors use microfarads instead of farads?
One farad represents enormous capacitance. Most electronic circuits use capacitors in the microfarad (μF), nanofarad (nF), or picofarad (pF) range for practical values.
How much charge does a lightning bolt carry?
A typical lightning bolt transfers 15 to 20 coulombs of charge during a discharge lasting milliseconds, producing currents of 30,000 amperes or more.
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